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ADHD Medication in the UK The drugs for ADHD help to reduce symptoms by increasing brain activity in specific areas. They also boost neurotransmitters, which are deficient in people suffering from ADHD. In the UK stimulant medications are the most commonly prescribed treatment for adults with ADHD. They work by increasing the activity of the brain in areas involved in the regulation of impulses and attention. Stimulants There are two types of medication licensed for use in the UK to treat adult ADHD: stimulants and non-stimulant medicines. stimulants, which boost brain activity in areas that regulate behavior and attention, are often the first option. These include methylphenidate also known as Ritalin, and lisdexamfetamine. These tablets can be taken several times a day as a pill that acts quickly or once a week in the form of a long-acting medication that releases into the bloodstream throughout the day. At first the dose of the medication may require adjustment and monitored (titrated), to find the dose that works for you. Stimulants have a long tradition of use both medically and as recreational drugs. In the 1930s, amphetamines were commonly employed by truck drivers, students and athletes to boost their energy levels. Amphetamines can be extremely hazardous and have a great risk of abuse. They are used to make people feel happy and stimulate the brain in ways that could lead to addiction. Insomnia, difficulties sleeping, and problems with the stomach or digestive system are some of the most common adverse effects of stimulants. Adjustments in the dosage or timing of the medication usually reduce these problems. They are generally well-tolerated by most adults. However, children may experience more significant side-effects, including tics, weight loss and irritability. Non-stimulant ADHD medications function differently than stimulants and can take some time for them to begin working. Clonidine and guanfacine (brand names Catapres and Intuniv) are both alpha agonists which work by stimulating certain receptors in the brain to improve concentration, reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity, as well as reduce behavioural issues like tics and aggression. They can be taken alone or as a complement alongside ADHD stimulant medications for children aged 6-17 years old. Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera, is a non-stimulant medicine that enhances the ability to control impulses and concentration by increasing levels of noradrenaline in the brain. It can be prescribed on its own, but is usually used in conjunction with guanfacine for children. These drugs do not have the same adverse negative effects as stimulants, but can still cause headaches and insomnia. Atomoxetine While stimulant medications such as Ritalin and Adderall are usually recommended for kids with ADHD, some children don't respond to them. Nonstimulants are available for children with ADHD. They boost the communication between brain regions, nerves and areas of the brain. This helps kids control impulsivity and concentrate better. Non-stimulant ADHD medication uses different active ingredients than stimulants. They also do not contain the potential for abuse and are not controlled substances. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera, is a non-stimulant drug that can be used to treat ADHD in children, adults and teenagers. It is an antidepressant, and has been shown to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing the amount a chemical called noradrenaline in the brain. Noradrenaline transmits messages between brain cells and is involved in impulsivity, attention and motivation. Due to its unique mechanism of action, atomoxetine doesn't suffer from the same adverse effects that other antidepressants do, such as Wellbutrin and Effexor. It can be prescribed for children as old as 5 and is administered orally, once or twice a day in tablet form. Atomoxetine produces stable 24-hour control of ADHD symptoms, which means it can help in reducing problems in the evening, as the effects of stimulants fade. The FDA has also approved guanfacine XR as well as Clonidine XR both of which are available as non-stimulant ADHD medications. These are typically prescribed to children who haven't responded to stimulant medications or have problems with their adverse effects. They can be combined with stimulants such as Adderall XR, (amphetamines salts) to treat ADHD more effectively. If you or your child is being treated with an non-stimulant ADHD medication, ensure that you follow your GP's instructions carefully. They will likely suggest starting with small doses, and then gradually increasing them. They'll also ask about any other medications you or your child are taking to make sure there are no interactions. You'll need to go for regular appointments and let your GP know if you're experiencing any concerns or reactions from the medication. They can alter your dosage or give advice alternative treatments, such as talk therapy. Unlicensed Medication The treatment for ADHD in adults is a mix of non-stimulant and stimulant drugs. Psychiatrists can also prescribe medicines that are off label (these are drugs which are licensed for another condition but have emerging evidence for their effectiveness in adult ADHD). These medications are typically antidepressants such as Venflaxine or bupropion. They have shown some benefit in the condition, and are well tolerated in smaller doses. Unlicensed medicines can be prescribed to a patient when there is a genuine medical need that is not satisfied by a licensed medicine. Patients whose regular medication has been temporarily interrupted due to a disruption in supply, or those who require a liquid form of an approved capsule or tablet due to allergies or intolerances could be affected in a variety of ways. Unlicensed medications are usually referred to as'specials', however this term could also apply to medicines which are not on the label, or have been made or distributed in a manner which is not covered by the license of the medicine. These might include crushing tablets to make them easier to swallow, or adding a liquid to the capsule or tablet that is licensed to form a mixture to be administered by injection or using a syringe pump to inject medication subcutaneously (under the skin). In general healthcare professionals will only use unlicensed medication as a last resort and when it is felt that there is no licensed alternative available. They will carefully evaluate a broad selection of options to meet the specific needs of each patient. They will also review the results and treatment regularly considering clinical experience as well as the availability of new treatments that are licensed. It is vital that any unlicensed medication used to treat a patient is safe and efficient. The reason for prescribing the medication must be documented in the patient record. Inform about any adverse effects the patient may experience as a result of an off-label drug using the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme. This information is used by the MHRA to update the marketing authorisation of the medication and ensure that future prescriptions are safe and effective. Talk Therapy A talk therapist works with you to help to understand your symptoms and discover ways to manage. They will also be able to offer advice and support in changing the way you think and behave to feel more confident about your life. It is important to complete the number of sessions that your therapist suggests as this will help in you feeling more positive. The use of medication can help reduce the symptoms of ADHD by increasing the number of neurotransmitters in your brain. These chemicals help your neurons transmit messages, allowing you focus your mind and stay clear of distractions. There are two kinds of ADHD medication that include stimulants and non-stimulants. They work in different ways, but they all improve the supply of neurotransmitters in your brain. In the UK there are many medications that can be utilized to treat ADHD. The most common medication is methylphenidate. It is available in immediate-release tablets, which are taken in small doses 2 to 3 times a day. Or as modified- adhd and depression medication that are taken weekly, but released throughout the time of the day. These medications are not an answer, but they can assist you to control impulsive behavior and concentrate. They are generally well-tolerated however, your doctor will closely monitor your progress to ensure you receive the right dose and do not experience any adverse side consequences. It can take several weeks to reach the optimal level and may need to be adjusted (changed regularly) to determine the most effective dosage for you. Non-stimulant drugs like atomoxetine which is available through prescription only, are more effective than stimulants and do not have the same possibility of addiction. They are more effective, but not as well-liked. Some people may experience problems with memory, appetite, or sleep. Your specialist will monitor your progress and determine whether or not you should continue taking atomoxetine or change to another treatment. People suffering from ADHD cannot discover permanent solutions using medication or therapy. They can help you deal with your symptoms, and lead a happy life. Combining medications with regular therapy sessions will allow you to get the most from your treatment. You'll learn strategies for coping and recognize unhelpful patterns of behavior and thoughts. Certain people's improved mood and self-confidence can persist after their treatment.